Description: Reverse reads: "One of the classrooms in the annex of the Jackson-Milton School at North Jackson, Mahoning County, constructed by WPA workers. Attentive, Jackson-Milton, School, Mahoning County. This photo must be returned to OHIO WRITERS' PROJECT, 8 E. Chestnut St., Columbus, O." This is a photograph of a classroom full of students at Jackson-Milton School on Mahoning Avenue in North Jackson, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F06_010_001
Subjects: Elementary schools; Classrooms; Students; Children; Schools--1930-1940; Schools--Ohio; School buildings--Ohio; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: North Jackson (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: In this photograph, Polly Jackson, a conductor on the Underground Railroad, is seated on a chair in front of steps leading to a building. She wears a patterned blouse and a long calico skirt. Her arms are folded. Jackson was a key figure in the Underground Railroad movement, and her name is listed on a local monument dedicated to her and others who risked their lives to help free the enslaved. During the 19th century, the migration of fugitives from the Deep and Upper South to the North accelerated. Many, like Polly Jackson, traveled to Ohio. It was difficult for women to defend themselves against male pursuers, and this sometimes discouraged them from running away. However, women driven to the end of their limits would flee and defend themselves in any manner that they could. According to legend, as a fugitive herself, Jackson fought off bounty hunters with a butcher knife and Kettle of boiling water. Jackson joined a community of free blacks in the settlement of Africa, Ohio, that was established near Ripley. Many of the local black residents served as conductors on the Underground Railroad. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05880
Subjects: African American women; Ohio History--Slavery, Anti-Slavery and Civil Rights; Underground Railroad--Ohio; Women abolitionists - Ohio;
Places: Ripley (Ohio); Brown County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Cinci., O., Sept. 1937. Back Street." This photograph shows a grocery store at the junction of Hamer, Back and Benton Street, near Jackson Hill Park, north of downtown in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Germans fleeing the upheaval of the revolutions of 1848 settled in Cincinnati in large numbers. By mid-century, a German area north and east of Central Parkway, centered on Vine Street, had become known as Over-the-Rhine. By the 1890s its high concentration of breweries and bars made it the entertainment center of the city; though the neighborhood never recovered from Prohibition, it retains the greatest density of Italianate architecture in the United States. The area was a poor and working-class neighborhood for much of the 20th century, and in the 21st century it continued to endure alternate periods of investment and disinvestment. The area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F02_04_01
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Streets; Automobiles; Immigrants--Ohio; Stores and shops; Over-the-Rhine (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image is a view of Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio. Rows of headstones mark the soldiers' graves. Visible in the left center background is a bronze figure of a Confederate soldier standing atop a stone arch. The cemetery is located in a residential neighborhood. Organized in 1861, Camp Chase initially replaced Camp Jackson, located near Columbus, as a recruitment and training center for the Union Army. The facility was named after Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln and former governor of Ohio. However, Camp Chase became a prisoner-of-war camp early in the war. The first inmates at Camp Chase were chiefly political and military prisoners from Kentucky and Western Virginia allegedly loyal to the Confederacy. Union victories at Fort Donaldson, Tennessee, on Feb. 16, 1862, and at Mississippi River Island No. 10, on April 8, 1862, brought an influx of Confederate prisoners to Camp Chase, most of whom were enlisted men and non-commissioned officers. During 1863 the prison population at Camp Chase numbered 8,000 men, its peak. Like many prisons in the north, Camp Chase was ravaged by disease; during late 1864, a smallpox epidemic resulted in many deaths. During the course of the Civil War, more than two thousand Confederate prisoners died at Camp Chase. Initially, prison officials buried dead prisoners in a Columbus city cemetery. In 1863, however, the prison established its own cemetery. Remains were reinterred in the prison cemetery after its opening. Following the war, thirty-one Confederate bodies from Camp Dennison near Cincinnati were moved to the Camp Chase cemetery. The Union military closed Camp Chase at the end of the Civil War. Efforts to mark the graves of the Confederate dead within the cemetery began by the mid-1890s. Led by William H. Knauss, a wounded Union Army veteran, this movement succeeded in bringing together both Union and Confederate veterans’ organizations to pay tribute to those interred in the cemetery. Memorial services have been held at the cemetery every year since 1896. On June 7, 1902, a monument to the Confederate dead was erected at the cemetery. In 1904, Congress allocated funds for the maintenance of Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery. Most of what remains of Camp Chase today includes two acres of land, consisting primarily of the Confederate cemetery. Officially, the Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery contains an estimated 2,168 remains in 2,122 graves. Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery has two monuments. The first depicts a bronze figure of a Confederate Civil War soldier standing atop a granite arch, his rifle held vertically in front of him, with both hands resting on the top of the barrel. Originally the memorial consisted of a wooden arch inscribed with the word “AMERICANS,” but in 1902 the wooden arch was replaced with this 17' tall stone memorial. The second monument is a 3-foot-tall boulder underneath the stone arch. Installed in 1897, the boulder bears an inscription that reads: "2260 Confederate Soldiers of the war 1861-1865 buried in this enclosure." (This statistic disagrees with the official record.) The Camp Chase site, including the Confederate Cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06659
Subjects: Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery (Columbus, Ohio); Camp Chase (Ohio); Civil War; Cemeteries--Ohio; Civil War--Prisoners and prisons; National Register of Historic Places
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: "A villa in the Italian style," from "Cottage Residences; or, A series of designs for rural cottages and cottage villas, and their gardens and grounds. Adapted to North America," by A. J. Downing. Andrew Jackson Downing (1815 - 1852) was one of the most important pre-Civil War designers and writers in America. He began his career as a landscaper and founded the magazine "The Horticulturist," which he used to promote scientific agriculture. As an architect, he designed buildings that mixed romantic architecture with the pastoral, picturesque architecture of the English countryside. He collaborated with Alexander Jackson Davis on "Cottage Residences." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04862
Subjects: Architecture; Ohio Economy--Architecture and Engineering
 

Description: Figure 8, a landscape design published in "Cottage Residences; or, A series of designs for rural cottages and cottage villas, and their gardens and grounds. Adapted to North America," by A. J. Downing. Andrew Jackson Downing (1815 - 1852) was one of the most important pre-Civil War designers and writers in America. He began his career as a landscaper and founded the magazine "The Horticulturist," which he used to promote scientific agriculture. As an architect, he designed buildings that mixed romantic architecture with the pastoral, picturesque architecture of the English countryside. He collaborated with Alexander Jackson Davis on "Cottage Residences." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04856
Subjects: Landscape design; Ohio Economy--Agriculture; Gardens; Gardening; Flowers; Landscape design
Places: New York; London (England)
 

Description: Caption reads "Industrial arts room in the annex built at the Jackson-Milton Rural School at North Jackson in Mahoning County by WPA workers. Standing in the foreground is the teacher, F. J. Hofus View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F09_001_001
Subjects: Rural schools--Ohio
Places: Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: "View in the Grounds at Blithewood, Dutchess County, New York," an illustration opposite the title page of "A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening; Adapted to North America; with a View to the Improvement of Country Residences, with Remarks on Rural Architecture" by A. J. Downing, 1853. Blithewood was the residence of Robert Donaldson, Esquire. Andrew Jackson Downing (1815 - 1852) was one of the most important pre-Civil War designers and writers in America. He began his career as a landscaper and founded the magazine "The Horticulturist," which he used to promote scientific agriculture. As an architect, he designed buildings that mixed romantic architecture with the pastoral, picturesque architecture of the English countryside. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04843
Subjects: Landscape design; Ohio Economy--Agriculture; Gardens; Gardening; Flowers; Landscape design; Other--Non Ohio
Places: Dutchess County (New York)
 

Description: This is the front facade of the North Carolina State Capitol. This building is an example of Greek Revival. It was completed in 1840 at a cost of just over $532,000. Portions of the third floor also incorporate Gothic style elements, and an aerial view of the building will show its cross shape. Today, the building houses the governor and lieutenant governor and their staff. The Supreme Court and State Library moved to a separate building in 1888, and the General Assembly moved to the State Legislative Building in 1963. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV101_B01F07_529
Subjects: Capitols--North Carolina; National Register of Historic Places; rotundas (interior spaces); groined vaults; Doric order; Greek Revival
Places: Raleigh (North Carolina); 1 E. Edenton St.
 

Description: This photograph depicts Linsay Jackson, an Underground Railroad operator, sitting outside of the Rankin House in Ripley, Ohio. The house was run by John Rankin, a Presbyterian minister. Up to the American Civil War, Rankin dedicated his life to abolishing slavery. After spending several years as a minister and abolitionist in Kentucky, Rankin moved to Ripley to continue his anti-slavery work. He most likely moved into this home in 1825, where he continued to serve as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. The Rankin House stood on a 300-foot-high hill, known as "Liberty Hill," which overlooked the Ohio River. Rankin would signal fugitive slaves in Kentucky with a lantern or candle, letting them know when it was safe to cross the Ohio River. To access Rankin's home on top of Liberty Hill, those seeking their freedom had to climb 100 wooden steps. Rankin would provide the former slaves with sanctuary, keeping them hidden until it was safe for them to travel further north. John Rankin is believed to have provided shelter and food to as many as 2,000 fugitive slaves during his career with the Underground Railroad; according to several accounts, none of those whom Rankin helped were ever returned to slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe immortalized Rankin's efforts to help African Americans in her book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Rankin's home was the first stop in Ohio for Eliza, one of the book's main characters, as she sought freedom in the North. Today, the Rankin house is home to a museum operated by the Ohio History Connection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC652_005
Subjects: Underground Railroad; Rankin House; Historic houses; Brown County (Ohio); Antislavery movements--Ohio--History--19th century
Places: Ripley (Ohio); Brown County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows a street scene of William Harrison's inauguration. William Henry Harrison was an American political and military leader and the ninth President of the United States. He was born in Charles County, Virginia, on February 9, 1773. He attended and graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and, at his father's insistence, studied medicine from 1790 to 1791 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Upon his father's death in 1791, Harrison immediately joined the United States Army. Harrison continued to serve in the military until 1798, when he resigned and accepted a new position as the Secretary of the Northwest Territory. He held this position until 1799. Because of Harrison's excellent political skills, President John Adams selected him to be the governor of the Indiana Territory on May 12, 1800. The Indiana Territory included modern-day Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. He held this office until 1813. In 1812, the War of 1812 began between the United States and Great Britain. President James Madison promoted Harrison to the rank of brigadier-general and put him in command of the Army of the Northwest. In October 1813, Harrison led the Army of the Northwest against a combined British and Native American force led by General Henry Proctor and Tecumseh. Known as the Battle of the Thames, the United States emerged victorious. The British ran from the battlefield, leaving the Native Americans to fight on alone. The Americans defeated the Native Americans, killing Tecumseh. Following the War of 1812, Harrison returned to politics. He made his home at North Bend just west of Cincinnati, Ohio. He represented Ohio in the United States Congress for two terms. He also served as the United States ambassador to Colombia in 1828 and 1829. In 1836, he ran as a member of the Whig Party against Democrat Martin Van Buren for the Presidency of the United States. Van Buren, Vice President under Andrew Jackson, won the election. In 1840, Harrison ran against the incumbent. He emphasized his military record against Tecumseh and the British in the War of 1812 with John Tyler of Virginia as his running mate. His campaign slogan was "Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too." The sixty-eight-year-old Harrison was inaugurated into office on March 4, 1841, on a cold, overcast day. His speech was one of the longest inauguration speeches in presidential history at 8,445 words. He served the shortest time in office of any man elected to the presidency. He died from pneumonia on April 4, 1841, one month after taking office. John Tyler was his Vice president and successor. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07698
Subjects: Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841; Presidents--Inauguration--United States; Politicians
Places: Washington (D.C.)
 

Description: This is the House of Representatives of the North Carolina State Capitol. This building is an example of Greek Revival. It was completed in 1840 at a cost of just over $532,000. Portions of the third floor also incorporate Gothic style elements, and an aerial view of the building will show its cross shape. Today, the building houses the governor and lieutenant governor and their staff. The Supreme Court and State Library moved to a separate building in 1888, and the General Assembly moved to the State Legislative Building in 1963. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV101_B01F07_557
Subjects: Capitols--North Carolina; National Register of Historic Places; rotundas (interior spaces); groined vaults; Doric order; Greek Revival
Places: Raleigh (North Carolina); 1 E. Edenton St.